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| (諾曼地登陸場景之一) |
版主雖然自己是唸電子電機這種爆肝科系，但是也有其他領域的興趣，其中之一是研究世界歷史，尤其是研讀二戰歷史，這次在VOA這個網站中找到了有關美國觀點的二戰歷史文章，想說順便也來練練英翻中的能力，基於興趣就把它翻成了中文，如果有翻譯不好的部分還請各位多多包涵，對這類文章有興趣的人可以去Voice of America的網站參考看看。
American English：D-Day Invasion at Normandy
STEVE EMBER: Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English. I'm Steve Ember.
歡迎來到THE MAKING OF A NATION – 美國之音特別節目的美國歷史篇，我是Steve Ember。
On June fifth, nineteen forty-four, a huge Allied force waited for the order to invade German-occupied France. The invasion had been planned for the day before. But a storm forced a delay. At three-thirty in the morning, the Allied commander, General Dwight Eisenhower, was meeting with his aides. The storm still blew outside the building.
1944年6月5日，龐大的盟軍部隊等待著入侵被德軍佔領的法國領地，這次的入侵行動已經策劃多日，但是由於暴風雨的關係而被迫延遲。盟軍指揮官-艾森豪將軍與他的副官們在當天早上三點半召開作戰會議，當時暴風雨還在其建築物外肆虐。
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| ( 中央為西方盟軍總指揮官艾森豪將軍， 左邊為英國陸軍元帥蒙哥馬利，右邊為英國空軍元帥亞瑟泰德 ) |
General Eisenhower and the other generals were discussing whether they should attack the next day. A weatherman entered the room. He reported that the weather would soon improve. All eyes turned toward Eisenhower. The decision was his. His face was serious. And for a long time he was silent. Finally he spoke. "Okay," he said. "We will go." And so the largest military invasion ever known, D-Day, took place on June sixth, nineteen-forty-four.
艾森豪與其他將軍們正在討論是否該把攻擊行動延遲到隔天再進行，這時氣象預報員進入會議室呈報天氣很快將會轉好的情形，此時所有的目光都集中在了艾森豪身上，這次的入侵行動將取決於他的決定。艾森豪面容嚴肅，在一陣靜默之後，他說：我們進攻吧!所以史上最大的軍事入侵行動，代號D日於1944年6月6日展開。
The German leader, Adolph Hitler, had known the invasion was coming. But he did not know where the Allied force would strike. Most Germans expected the Allies would attack at Calais. But they were wrong. Eisenhower planned to strike along the French coast of Normandy, across the English Channel.
德國元首-阿道夫希特勒早已知道入侵行動即將來臨，但是他不知道盟軍會在哪一個地點展開攻勢，大多數的德軍都以為盟軍入侵的地點是在加萊海峽，但是這是錯誤的。艾森豪計畫的登陸地點是在鄰近英吉利海峽的法國海岸-諾曼第。
The Second World War was then almost five years old. The Germans had won the early battles and gained control of most of Europe. But in nineteen forty-two and forty-three, the Allies slowly began to gain back land from the Germans in North Africa, Italy and Russia. And now, finally, the British, American, Canadian and other Allied forces felt strong enough to attack across the English Channel.
第二次世界大戰進行了約五年，德軍在初期的戰爭所向披靡而且控制了大部份的西歐地區，但是到了1942以及1943年，盟軍開始從德軍手中收復於北非、義大利及蘇俄的失土。到了此時，英軍、美軍、加拿大軍及其他的同盟國軍隊對於這次的入侵行動滿懷信心。
Eisenhower had one hundred fifty thousand men and twelve thousand planes for the attack. But most importantly, he had surprise on his side. Even after the invasion began, General Erwin Rommel and other German military leaders could not believe that the Allies had really attacked at Normandy.
在這次的攻擊行動中艾森豪手下擁有十五萬部隊及一萬兩千架飛機，但是最重要的是，他總是出奇制勝。即使在入侵行動開始後，隆美爾元帥以及其他德軍將領還是不相信盟軍真實的攻擊地點是在諾曼第。
But attack they did. On the night of June fifth, thousands of Allied soldiers parachuted behind German lines. Then Allied planes began dropping bombs on German defenses. And in the morning, thousands of ships approached the beaches, carrying men and supplies. The battle quickly became fierce and bloody. The Germans had strong defenses. They were better protected than the Allied troops on the beaches. But the Allied soldiers had greater numbers. Slowly they moved forward on one part of the coast, then another.
但是盟軍確實入侵了該地點。在6月5日的晚上，數千名盟軍士兵空降於德軍後方戰線，同時間盟軍飛機開始在德軍防線上投擲炸彈，到了6月6日早上，數千艘滿載士兵與補給的登陸艦艇靠近了海灘頭，戰況開始變的血腥與猛烈。相對於在灘頭上的盟軍士兵，德軍擁有較完善的防禦措施，但是盟軍擁有數量上的優勢，因此他們一步一步的攻占了目標灘頭。
DWIGHT EISENHOWER: "People of Western Europe: a landing was made this morning on the coast of France by troops of the Allied Expeditionary Force."
德懷特艾森豪：「西歐的人民們：同盟國的遠征部隊於今天早上在法國海岸展開了一場登陸行動」
DWIGHT EISENHOWER: "This landing is part of a concerted United Nations plan for the liberation of Europe. I have this message for all of you: Although the initial assault may not have been made in your own country, the hour of your liberation is approaching. All patriots -- men and women, young and old -- have a part to play in the achievement of final victory. "
"To members of resistance movements, whether led by nationals or by outside leaders, I say: Follow the instructions you have received. To patriots who are not members of organized resistance groups, I say: Continue your passive resistance, but do not needlessly endanger your lives. Wait until I give you the signal to rise and strike the enemy."
德懷特艾森豪：「這次的登陸行動是聯合國解放歐洲的協同作戰計畫之一，我將此消息傳達給你們：或許這次的初次行動不是在你的城市展開，但是離你們的解放之日已進入倒數階段，所有不分男女老少的愛國者都應當參與這項最後的勝利行動。」，「給所有由國家與外部領導者發起之抵抗運動的成員們，在此我聲明：繼續進行有限度的抵抗行動，但是請以活命為重大原則，等待我方給予各位攻擊敵人的指令與時機。」
The Allies continued to build up their forces in France. Within one week they brought nearly ninety thousand vehicles and six hundred-thousand men into France. And they pushed ahead. Hitler was furious. He screamed at his generals for not blocking the invasion. And he ordered his troops from nearby areas to join the fight and stop the Allied force. But the Allies would not be stopped.
盟軍持續在法國增兵，在一周內就擴充了將近九萬輛載具與六十萬的士兵來進軍法國。由於無法阻擋此次的入侵行動，希特勒氣急敗壞的對屬下的將軍大罵，並且命令駐守諾曼地附近的德軍參與抵抗盟軍的入侵行動，但是為時已晚了。
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| ( 1944年8月解放巴黎的盟軍士兵 ) |
In late August, the Allied forces liberated Paris from the Germans. People cheered wildly as General Charles de Gaulle and Free French troops marched into the center of the city. The Allies then moved east into Belgium. They captured the port of Antwerp. This made it easier for them to send supplies and fuel to their troops.
盟軍部隊在八月後從德軍手中解放了巴黎，當戴高樂將軍及自由法國士兵進軍到城市中央時，人們歡天喜地的慶祝他們的到來。接著盟軍西進比利時並且攻占了安特衛普港口，這讓盟軍的燃料與補給都能輕而易舉的運來。
Only when Allied troops tried to move into the Netherlands did the Germans succeed in stopping them. American forces won battles at Eindhoven and Nijmegen. But German forces defeated British "Red Devil" troops in a terrible fight at Arnhem. Germany's brief victory stopped the Allied invasion for the moment. But in less than four months, General Eisenhower and the Allied forces had regained almost all of France.
但是在盟軍部隊嘗試進入荷蘭時遭到了德軍的頑強抵抗，美國部隊雖然在安荷芬及奈美根的戰鬥中占了上風，但是德軍卻在安恆擊敗了英國”紅魔鬼”部隊，德軍短暫的勝利展時阻止了盟軍的入侵行動。但是不到四個月的時間，艾森豪將軍與其盟軍部隊已幾乎奪回整個法國地區。
At the same time, in nineteen forty-four, the Soviets were attacking Germany from the east. Earlier, Soviet forces had succeeded in breaking German attacks at Stalingrad, Moscow and Leningrad. Soviet forces recaptured Russian cities and farms one by one. They entered Finland, Poland, and Romania. By the end of July, Soviet soldiers were just fifteen kilometers from the Polish capital, Warsaw.
蘇聯軍隊在同一時間的1944年從德國東邊發動攻勢，在這之前的稍早時期，蘇聯軍隊成功突破德軍在史達林格勒、莫斯科及列寧格勒發動的攻勢，一一奪回了俄國的城市與農地，並且攻入了芬蘭、波蘭與羅馬尼亞，之後到了7月底，蘇軍士兵離波蘭首都-華沙只有15公里的距離。
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| ( 在華沙起義行動中被掃蕩的波蘭家鄉軍 ) |
在這之後即將發生的是整個戰爭中最慘絕人寰的事件(華沙起義行動)：莫斯科的廣播電台號召在德軍占領下的波蘭人民起身抵抗，大約有四萬民波蘭地下軍參與了這次的起義行動，若蘇聯部隊連同華沙市民加入這次行動，那麼打敗德軍是易如反掌。
But Soviet leader Josef Stalin betrayed the Poles. He knew that many members of the Polish underground forces opposed Communism as much as they opposed the Germans. He feared they would block his efforts to establish a new Polish government that was friendly to Moscow. For this reason, Stalin held his forces outside Warsaw. He waited while the Germans and Poles killed each other in great numbers. The Germans finally forced the citizens of Warsaw to surrender.
但是約瑟夫史達林背叛了波蘭人，因為他了解多數的波蘭地下軍是反共立場更甚而反法西斯立場，他害怕支援波蘭地下軍會因此使他計畫建立親蘇聯的波蘭共產黨國家的機會消失掉，基於這些因素，史達林要他駐紮在華沙外的部隊按兵不動，他等待著德軍與波蘭軍殘殺對方好坐收漁翁之利，最後德軍迫使華沙的波蘭地下軍與民兵投降了。
The real winner of the battle, however, was the Soviet Union. Both the Germans and the Poles suffered heavy losses during the fighting. The Soviet Army had little trouble taking over the city with the help of Polish Communists. And after the war, the free Polish forces were too weak to oppose a Communist government loyal to Moscow.
這次事件的真正勝利者是蘇聯，德國人和波蘭人都在這次的起義行動中損傷慘重，蘇聯軍隊因此可以輕易的與波蘭共產黨占領該城市。在戰爭結束後，波蘭軍隊也因此而無法反抗親蘇聯的波蘭共產黨政府。
Adolf Hitler was in serious trouble. Allied forces were attacking from the west. Soviet troops were passing through Poland and moving in from the east. And at home, several German military officials tried to assassinate him. The German leader narrowly escaped death when a bomb exploded in a meeting room.
阿道夫希特勒正面臨絕望的困境，因為西方盟軍與蘇聯軍隊正分別從西邊與東邊的波蘭攻來，而此時在德國，某些德軍將領發動了一場刺殺希特勒的行動，但是這位德國元首在會議室的炸彈攻擊中卻大難不死的存活了下來。
But Hitler refused to surrender. Instead, he planned a surprise attack in December nineteen-forty-four. He ordered his forces to move quietly through the Ardennes Forest and attack the center of the Allied line. He hoped to break through the line, separate the Allied forces, and regain control of the war.
希特勒拒絕投降，相反的他計畫了一場在1944年12月發動的突擊行動，他命令武裝黨衛軍快速穿越阿登森林並且攻擊盟軍的中央防線，他希望能突破該防線並分散盟軍部隊，以重新奪回戰場的主控權。
The Germans attacked American troops tired from recent fighting in another battle. It was winter. The weather was so bad that Allied planes could not drop bombs on the German forces. The Germans quickly broke through the American line. But the German success did not last long. Allied forces from nearby areas raced to the battle front to help. And good weather allowed Allied planes to begin attacking the Germans. The battle ended by the middle of the following month in a great defeat for Hitler and the Germans. The German army lost more than one hundred thousand men and great amounts of supplies.
德軍攻擊了在幾次戰鬥中疲倦的美國部隊，當時由於是冬季，使的盟軍飛機無法投擲炸彈打擊德軍部隊，德軍迅速突破了美軍戰線但是卻無法持續突破，因為附近的盟軍部隊爭相加入了前線防守，再加上天氣的好轉使盟軍開始動用飛機來空襲德軍。這場戰鬥在幾個月後的中旬結束，對希特勒和德軍來講無疑是場慘敗，德軍因此損失了超過十萬名士兵與大量的戰爭物資。
The end of the war in Europe was now in sight. By late February, nineteen forty-five, the Germans were forced to retreat across the Rhine River. American forces led by General Patton drove deep into the German heartland. To the east, Soviet forces also were marching into Germany. It did not take long for the American and Soviet forces to meet in victory. The war in Europe was ending.
歐戰的結束即將到來，在1945年2月後期，德軍被迫沿著萊因河撤退，由巴頓將軍率領的美軍部隊深入了德國領地。而在東方，蘇聯部隊也進入了德國領土，東西盟軍的會師代表離勝利已經不遠了，歐戰即將要畫下句點。
Adolf Hitler waited until Russian troops were destroying Berlin. Bombs and shells were falling everywhere. In his underground bunker, Hitler took his own life by shooting himself in the head. Several of his closest aides also chose to die in the "Fuhrerbunker." One week later, the German army surrendered to Eisenhower and the Allies.
阿道夫希特勒只能奈何蘇聯士兵摧毀柏林，砲彈與子彈在柏林市區的各處漫天飛舞，而在他的地下碉堡中，希特勒以手槍射擊頭部了解了自己的生命，幾位他的忠實部下也選擇自盡於此。一周後，德軍向艾森豪與西方盟軍投降。
WINSTON CHURCHILL: "Yesterday morning at two forty-one a.m. at General Eisenhower’s headquarters, General Jodl, the representative of the German High Command and of Grand Admiral Doenitz, the designated head of the German state, signed the act of unconditional surrender of all German land, sea and air forces in Europe to the Allied Expeditionary Forces, and simultaneously to the Soviet High Command."
溫斯頓邱吉爾：「昨天早上2:41分，在艾森豪將軍的總部，由德國政府統領-海軍大元帥鄧尼茲所領導的德國最高統帥部代表-約德爾將軍，同時向同盟國遠征部隊以及蘇聯最高統帥部簽署了代表歐洲地區全體德國國防軍武裝部隊的無條件投降聲明」。
STEVE EMBER: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
WINSTON CHURCHILL: "Hostilities will end officially at one minute after midnight tonight, Tuesday, the eighth of May. We may allow ourselves a brief period of rejoicing. Today is Victory in Europe Day. Long live the cause of freedom."
STEVE EMBER: The defeat of Germany was cause for great celebration in Britain, the United States and other Allied nations. But two facts made the celebrations less joyful than they might have been.
溫斯頓邱吉爾：「戰爭將於今晚午夜的一分鐘後，5月8日星期二正式結束，我們為這個瞬間的歡樂時刻歡呼，今天是歐戰勝利日，為自由萬歲」。在英國、美國與其他盟軍國家舉行了大規模的慶祝德國戰敗大型活動，但是兩個事實卻讓該次的慶祝活動少了些許的歡愉氣氛。
One was the discovery by Allied troops of the German death camps. Only at the end of the war did most of the world learn that the Nazis had murdered millions of innocent Jews and other people. The second fact was that the Pacific War had not ended. Japanese and American forces were still fighting bitterly. The war in the Pacific will be our story next week.
其中一個是由盟軍所發現的德國死亡集中營，到了戰爭結束後全世界才了解到納粹屠殺了數以百萬的無辜猶太人及其他種族的人民；另外一個事實是太平洋戰爭還未結束，日軍和美軍仍然在戰爭中，太平洋戰爭的故事將在下周為大家揭曉。
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